BASIC CONCEPT: Two teams of eighteen players compete to score points by kicking or punching a
ball through goalposts.
There are no fixed positions, no offside,and players can
use any part of their body to legally move the ball forward or backward on the field.
One of the only things players can-not do is throw the ball with an overarm motion;only open-hand taps and closed-fist punches are allowed.
Footy is a fast-moving game,with frequent changes of possession that do not stop the game clock (similar to soccer,only goals,major injuries, out-of-play,balls,and when the umpire is setting the angle of a free kick on goal stop the game clock) AFL games are divided into 20-minute quarters.
Basket Ball.
Two teams of five try to score points by shooting or“dunking”a basketball into the opponent’s hoop,which is set 10 feet above the ground. Players score a
“field goal” that’s worth either 2 or 3 points, depending on how close they are to the hoop when shooting the ball.
Teams move the ball by dribbling or bouncing the ball as they walk or run, and by passing the ball in any direction to a teammate.
NBA games are played in 12-minute quarters.
The clock is not continuous and
stops whenever there’s a time-out or any break in action.
Player substitutions are unlimited but can only be done when the game clock is stopped.
Ties are not allowed and are settled in as many 5-minute overtime periods as needed to produce a 𝚠𝚒𝚗𝚗𝚎.
𝙳𝙾𝙳𝙶𝙴𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: Dodgeball is a team sport.Two sides attempt to eliminate the other by throwing
balls (hard!) at opposing players.
When a person is hit by a ball they are considered“out.”A team wins once all members of the opposing team are eliminated.
There is no limit to the number of players,but teams should start wit h equal numbers of players.
Players are eliminated when hit by a ball that is not caught before touching the ground;or when any part of their body goes beyond the
court boundaries,for any reason.
If the ball is caught, the thrower is out (in some versions of the game, eliminated players can re-enter the game if another player on their team catches an opponent’s thrown ball; in this case the player who threw the ball originally is still out).
𝙵𝙾𝚄𝚁 𝚂𝚀𝚄𝙰𝚁𝙴-
BASIC CONCEPT: Four players stand alone in the quadrants of a square labeled from 1 to 4 (4 is
/highest,1 is lowest).The player in square 4 serves the ball to square 1.The ball is then bounced from square to square until the ball is hit out of bounds (hitter is out) or the receiver cannot hit or deflect the ball in to another square on one bounce (receiver is out).
Eliminated players leave the court,all players advance to fill empty squares, and a new player joins at the lowest-ranked square (square1).In tournament play the goal is to gain points by advancing to square 4 and retaining serve.
𝙷𝙰𝙽𝙳𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: The Olympic version of handball,called team handball, features two teams of
seven players (one goalie,six fielders) attempting to pass and throw a small ball into the opponent’s goal.
The team with the highest score after two 30-minute halves wins. Handball teams move the ball up and down the court in a fashion similar to basketball: after receiving the ball,handball players can only hold it for 3
seconds before passing dribbling,or shooting.As in ice hockey, defensive handball players are allowed some physical contact to prevent an attacker from scoring. Also like ice hockey,there’s a large 𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎
𝙺𝙸𝙲𝙺𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: Kickball is played almost exactly like baseball and softball. Two teams compete to score points by running between and touching four bases (in order!) without
getting thrown out.The glaring difference is that bats are not used.Instead, pitchers roll a rubber ball towards the catcher, and a “batter”or kicker attempts
to kick the ball into play.
As in baseball,the ideal kickball team has nine players:pitcher,
catcher,three basemen,three outfielders,and one shortstop.
Many leagues require at least one
or two members of the opposite sex on each team. Kickball games typically last five or six innings.
𝙽𝙴𝚃𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
ASIC CONCEPT: In netball two teams of seven compete to score as many points as possible (and
to prevent the opposing team from scoring). Goals are made by shooting a ball through a basket (called a “goal ring”) anchored atop a 10-foot pole.
Unlike basketball,in netball there are no backboards behind the nets.Netball players are assigned specific positions that restrict their movements 𝚘𝚗 court(players display position on their game jerseys, along with their name or number). Players in possession of the ball cannot take more than one step before passing it, and they must pass the ball or shoot for a goal within three seconds.
Dribbling is not allowed. And unlike basketball,only designated shooting players (two per team) can score goals.
All other players have specific
nonshooting roles.Netball games typically last 60 minutes and are divided into 15-minute quarters.
The team with more goals wins the game.
𝚃𝙴𝚃𝙷𝙴𝚁𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: A rope is used to attach a ball to the top of a pole,and two players compete to hit the ball repeatedly in one direction until the rope wraps completely around the 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚎.
𝚅𝙾𝙻𝙻𝙴𝚈𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: Indoor volleyball is played by two six-player teams on a rectangular court divided in half by a net.The serving team hits the ball over the net into the
opponent’s half of the court,and the receiving team attempts to return the 𝚋𝚊𝚕𝚕 without the ball touching the ground.Once the ball is in play each side is allowed three hits,or touches, before
returning the ball over the net.
Generally the first two touches are used to set up an attacking player’s delivery of an impossible-toreturn “kill shot” to the opposing team.The team that wins the point earns the right to serve. Traditionally only the
serving team could score points and individual sets were won by the first team to score 15 total points (and be 2 points ahead).
However,in 2000 the FIVB switched from so-called “side-out scoring”to a new“rally point”system, whereby sets are played to 25 points each and either team can score (regardless
of who is serving). Official volleyball matches are best-of-five sets with the fifth set (when
necessary) played to 15 points.
𝙱𝙰𝚂𝙴𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: Two teams of nine players alternate between batting and fielding in an attempt to score runs. Batters try to hit a thrown ball with a bat and,if successful,complete a circuit around four bases (first base,second base,third base,home plate). One run is earned for returning safely to home plate.The fielding team tries to stop the batting team from scoring by recording “outs”in a variety of ways: catching a hit ball prior to the bounce,tagging a base runner before he successfully reaches the next base in rotation,or striking out the batter.
The teams switch from batting to fielding after every three outs (a half-inning).Professional games are divided into nine innings,and in each inning the teams both bat once.
The higher score wins at the end of the game (baseball does not
allow ties,so games continue until a winner is decided, even if that requires many more innings than the official nine)
𝚈𝙰𝙲𝙷𝙰𝚃 𝚁𝙰𝙲𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: To control the boat efficiently and make the best use of the prevailing winds—at
its heart sailing is a straight forward sport,and the goal of any yacht race is to be the fastest and most proficient boat on the water. Of course ,weather is unpre dictable,and the elements play an important role in major races.
𝙿𝙴𝚃𝙰𝙽𝙴𝚀 -
The aim of all boules games is for teams to throw large metal balls as close as possible to a jack (called the cochonnet in petanque)At the end of each petanque round only one team scores points,earning one point for every boule closer to the jack than their opponent’s closest boule. Games of petanque are
typically played to 13 points.
𝙲𝚄𝚁𝙻𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: Two teams of four players take turns sliding heavy granite stones on an ice-
covered surface known as a curling sheet.The goal is to slide the stones toward a circular target (called the “house”) on the opposite end of the ice. Teams earn points for positioning their stones closest to the center (also known as the“button”) of the circular target. It’s called an “end” once both teams have thrown all their stones. The team with
the stone closest to the button wins the end and scores one point for each stone sitting closer to the button than the opponent’s closest stone.Only the winning team scores points. Curling matches typically last for ten ends and the team 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 the higher overall score wins.
𝚂𝙷𝚄𝙵𝙵𝙻𝙴𝙱𝙾𝙰𝚁𝙳-
ASIC CONCEPT: Use a paddle to slide a puck down a rectangular court, scoring points and
knocking your opponent’s pucks out of bounds. Players alternate sliding four pucks each (eight total per round) in the same direction and swapping directions at the end of each round. Games are typically won by the first player (or team) to score 50 or 100 points.
𝚃𝙴𝙽𝙿𝙸𝙽𝙱𝙰𝙻𝙻𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: Ten-pin bowling is simple enough. Players take turns lofting large solid balls
down a long rectangular alley,with the goal of knocking down as many pins as possible.
The eponymous ten pins are typically controlled by a machine that sets and clears them auto matically. At the start of each player’s turn the pins are set into a triangle with pin 1 in the front row, pins 2 and 3 in the second row, pins 4 to 6 in the third row,and pins 7 to 10 in the back row. Games of bowling last for ten frames, with each bowler rolling two balls per frame (up to three rolls in the tenth/frame).
𝙼𝙰𝚁𝚃𝙸𝙰𝙻𝙰𝚁𝚃𝚂-
AIKIDO: BASIC CONCEPT
Aikido evolved from traditional jujitsu in the 1920s.Its founder
Morihei,Ueshiba, had a unique vision for the sport: to foment peace and reconciliation.
Aikido requires less physical strength than other martial arts.The emphasis is on mirroring an attacker’s movements and momentum, and redirecting them (as opposed to resisting them).The name aikido means “the way of harmonious spirit.”It has practitioners around the world and is the basis for a lifelong pursuit of physical and mental acuity. Aikido training typically features two partners engaging in set movements.An attacker (the uke) initiates a movement,which is then neutralized by 𝚝𝚑𝚎 opposing partner (the nage).
There are dozens of attack and defensive techniques in aikido,as well as weapon training with staffs, swords, and 𝚔𝚗𝚒𝚟𝚎.
𝙱𝙾𝚇𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: Two competitors (sometimes called fighters or pugilists) hit each other with
glove-encased fists while avoiding each other’s blows. Fights (sometimes called bouts) are divided into a preset number of rounds, typically 3 minutes long,with short rest intervals between rounds.
A ringing bell traditionally sounds the start and end of each round. Amateur fights last three to four rounds and pro fights
last four to twelve rounds.
All officially sanctioned championship fights last twelve rounds.Fights are supervised by a single referee and generally scored by a panel of judges (sometimes the referee is also a judge).There are four outcomes in a fight: a fighter is knocked out and unable to get up before the referee counts to ten seconds (called a knockout or KO); the referee determines a fighter is too
injured to continue (called a technical knockout or TKO); a fighter is disqualified for breaking a rule; or,if none of the above happens by the end of the last round,a winner is declared by the referee or judges,based on points
scored during the bout.
Fights are organized by weight classes. Originally there were eight professional classes:
flyweight (up to 112 pounds), bantamweight (118 pounds) 𝚏𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚠𝚎𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝(126 pounds) lightweight (135 pounds), welterweight (147 pounds), middleweight (160pounds) light heavyweight (175 pounds),and
heavyweight (no restrictions).
𝙵𝙴𝙽𝙲𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: Foil features a slim rounded blade that scores only when the tip legally touches
an opponent’s torso or back (but not the arms).Sabre features an edged blade that scores for any strike touching an opponent from the waist up (excluding the
hands) with either the point or edge.Épée uses a heavier blade and targets the entire body,though only strikes with the tip earn points.The three styles have very different pacing. In foil,matches are paused each time a competitor’s strike lands off target.This is not the case in sabre or épée—the fighting continues nonstop. In foil and sabre only a single strike can score at one time, and both styles use the concept of “right of way”to determine which fencer had the legal right to
attack or riposte (i.e.counterattack) and thus score.
The idea is that the fencer who commences the attack earns the right to score,unless the attack misses the opponent or is parried (i.e.,deflected by the opponent’s weapon).
CUSHION 𝙱𝙸𝙻𝙻𝙸𝙰𝚁𝙳𝚂-
BASIC CONCEPT: Three-cushion carom, the most popular version of cushion billiards,is played by
two competing players for points. Players take turns striking their cue ball towards the object balls; in order to score,the cue ball must touch a cushion at least three times (if the ball has spin on it and touches the same cushion twice,it
does count as two touches) before striking the second object ball.
𝙿𝙾𝙾𝙻-
BASIC CONCEPT: In eight-ball,the world’s most popular and broadly played pool game,the object
is to sink the eight ball. Each rack contains fifteen colored balls, with balls 1 to 7 called “solids”and balls 9 to 15 called “stripes” based on the balls’color and design.
Players are assigned solids or stripes based on the first ball legally sunk,and must then sink all their assigned balls before legally pocketing the eight ball.
𝚂𝙽𝙾𝙾𝙺𝙴𝚁-
BASIC CONCEPT: The object of snooker is to score points by pocketing (called “potting” in
snooker) balls in a predefined order. Snooker games start with a rack of fifteen red-colored balls that are each valued at 1 point.
Games also start with six colored
balls: yellow (2 points), green (3 points), brown (4 points), blue (5points),pink (6points),and black (7 points).On every stroke players must first pot a red ball in order to legally pot a non-red ball on the shooter’s ensuing stroke.
If a non-red ball is potted,after the stroke it is returned to its original position on the table and can be repotted immediately
on the next stroke.Once all red balls are potted, players pot the remaining balls in numerical order (yellow through black without returning them to the table).When the last ball is potted,the highest score wins.
In snooker,games are called “frames” and matches are usually played best-of five or best-of-seven frames (professional matches are often best-of seventeen or nineteen frames, and up to thirty-five frames at the world championships).
𝙼𝙾𝚄𝙽𝚃𝙰𝙸𝙽 𝙱𝙸𝙺𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: There are numerous competitive classes of mountain bike racing.
Cross-country(the category contested at the Olympics) is an/individual competition with massed starts and tracks covering 45 to 50 kilometers.
Downhill racing,also an in divid- ual competition,is a time-trial event, with riders starting at intervals and competing for the lowest overall times.
𝚁𝙾𝙰𝙳 𝚁𝙰𝙲𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: Road races are run on mixed terrain, from city streets to steep mountain passes.
In team races, riders invariably employ the tactic of“drafting”
whereby a trailing rider (or riders) slips into position behind other riders to/conserve energy (a drafting rider can save up to 35 percent of their energy this way).
Drafting is less effective on climbs, 𝙰s the low speeds reduce the efficiency of the forward drafting motion.
Riders are usually selected by teams for their individual specialties: climber sprinter, domestique (a rider with the specific job of assisting the team leader or leaders)and time trialist (a rider who can maintain high speeds for extended periods)
TRACK 𝙲𝚈𝙲𝙻𝙸𝙽𝙶-
BASIC CONCEPT: Track cycling is generally divided into sprint and endurance races,with head-to-
head racing formats (first across the finish line wins) plus individ- ual and team time-trials (lowest overall times win).Sprint races last between three and nine laps and put the focus on quick acceleration and sprinting prowess 𝙴𝚗𝚍𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎 .
𝙷𝙾𝚁𝚂𝙴 𝚁𝙰𝙲𝙸𝙽𝙶-
THOROUGHBRED RACING: BASIC CONCEPT,The most common type of horse race is theThoroughbred.
The name refers to an actual breed of horse,and all Thorough bred horses can trace their lineage back to a small handful of mares and stallions imported from the Arabian Peninsula to
England in the seventeenth century. With an average auction value of around$100,000Thorough
bred horses are extraordinarily valuable due to centuries of selective breeding targeting speed,strength, and stamina.
In the United States the most famous Thoroughbred races are the so-called Triple Crown events of the Kentucky Derby, the Prea kness Stakes,and the Belmont
Stakes.The Breeders’ Cup races round out the elite racing calendar.Thoroughbred races are run on dirt (occasionally turf) and last anywhere from five to twelve furlongs (the traditional horse-racing measurement,equivalent to one-eighth of a mile or about 220 yards). Horse jockeys play a subtle but crucial role guiding the horse around the track and deciding when to lay back or be
aggressive as they literally jockey for best position.
OLYMPIC COMPETITIONS
THE TESTS OF A TRUE EQUESTRIAN EQUESTRIAN EVENTS WERE INCLUDED
in the Olympics as early as 1900 and have been full-medal events in every games since 1912.Riders compete in three categories: dressage,𝚓umping, and eventing. All three categories feature solo and team competitions, and all three feature men and women competing directly against one another (a mixed-gender rarity at the Olympics).
DRESSAGE: BASIC CONCEPT
The word dressage roughly means “training” in French and refers to the effortless control of a horse by its rider. Dressage competitions feature highly trained horses acting as naturally as possible
responding to the subtle commands of their rider as both rider and horse perform a suite of predetermined tests showcasing their talents. Typical dressage displays include trots,canters,
pirouettes,and half-passes (where the horse moves diagonally forward and sideways at the same time). Riders are scored on a scale from 0 (not performed) to 10 (excellent)𝚊nd the rider or team with the highest overall score wins the events.
𝙿𝙾𝙻𝙾-
BASIC CONCEPT
Two teams, each fielding four riders on horseback, attempt to score by swinging mallets (long sticks,resembling croquet/mallets) and knocking a small white ball
into their opponent’s goal.
Polo teams change direction after every goal. Polo fields are usually 300 by 160 to 200 yards,more than three times as large as American football fields and giving teams plenty of room 2 maneuver the
horses.The pace of the game is similar to ice hockey, with frequent shifts from offense to defense. Games last from four to six chukkers (periods) with each
period lasting 7½ minutes.
𝚂𝚃𝚁𝙾𝙺𝙴 𝙿𝙻𝙰𝚈-
ASIC CONCEPT: Golf is conceptually straightforward. Players use a variety of clubs to strike a small hard ball, with the goal of playing the ball in the fewest number of strokes
from tee box (where golfers tee off,or commence hitting) to putting green (manicured section at the end of 𝚎𝚟𝚎elev
FIELD 𝙷𝙾𝙲𝙺𝙴𝚈-
BASIC CONCEPT:
Two teams of eleven players compete in field hockey to score the most points,
by using hockey sticks to pass or push a ball down the field and inside the
scoring circle. Once inside,players are allowed to hit, flick, or strike the ball into
the opponent’s goal. Players must strike the ball with the “face”or flat side of
their hockey stick or with the edge of the stick.
There are no fixed positions on
the field, and even the use of a goalkeeper is optional.Matches are divided into
two 35-minute halves and, at the final whistle,the team with the higher score
wins.
𝙸𝙲𝙴 𝙷𝙾𝙺𝙴𝚈-
BASIC CONCEPT:
/Hockey teams can field a maximum of six players (including a goalie) on the
ice.Teams move a hard rubber puck up and down the ice with their hockey
/sticks and attempt to strike the puck into their opponent’s goal or net.
Hockey is
/a full-contact sport, and players are allowed to “body check” (a polite way of
saying clobber with a shoulder or hip) opposing players who are in possession 𝚘𝚏 the puck in order to disrupt a pass or shot on goal.
Fighting is officially outlawed
in hockey but the game is famous for its 𝚐𝚕𝚘𝚟𝚎𝚜-𝚘𝚏𝚏 fights and they are tolerated
up to a point by referees.
𝙼𝙾𝚃𝙾𝚁𝙴𝚂𝚂-
FREESTYLE MOTOCROSS: BASIC CONCEPT
Freestyle is the newest sport in the motocross/pantheon,
introduced as an official
sport at the 1999 X Games in San Francisco.Riders are scored by a panel of
/judges in two categories: “big air” and freestyle. In the latter,riders tackle a
course littered with dirt jumps and obstacles and earn points for the skill of their
tricks and jumps. One of the most jaw-dropping and point-earning moves is the backflip.Many riders now routinely perform double backflips. Yes, you read right,double backflips on a dirt bike. Seriously crazy.
There’s talk of banning
backflips from the sport, given the increasing number of injuries and even deaths
sustained by top-name Sportsboss.com the eyes of many the sport has changed from
one showcasing riding skills to one showcasing riding guts and a tolerance 𝚏𝚘𝚛 life-threatening risk-taking.
𝙲𝙷𝙴𝚂𝚂𝙱𝙾𝚇𝙸𝙽𝙶-
- LEFT HOOK AND KNIGHT TO E5
THE IDEA HERE IS WONDER FULLY SIMPLE: take the world’s top fighting sport and
combine it with the world’s most competitive strategy game. That’s right,boxing
meets chess for eleven rounds in the ring.Competitors alternate between 4-
minute rounds of speed chess and 3-minute rounds of honest-to-goodness
boxing.𝚃he first chessboxer to earn checkmate or a knockout wins.
𝙱𝙰𝙳𝙼𝙸𝙽𝚃𝙾𝙽-
BASIC CONCEPT: Badminton is played head-to-head or in teams of two. Players use a racquet to
hit a shuttlecock (a projectile with sixteen feathers tapering to a cone shape) over
a net.On the return shot the opposing player must hit the shuttlecock over the
net without letting it touch the ground.The rally continues until a player hits into
the net or out of bounds, or allows the shuttlecock to be grounded on their side
of the net.Games are played to 21 points, and points are earned whether or not
the player served.
In competition,matches are played to the best of three games.
CRICKET
GOOGLIES, GRUBBERS, AND JAFFAS -CRICKET IS A QUINTES SENTIALLY ENGLISH GAME.
having first been played in
England in the early 1500s.The name cricket probably comes from the medieval
Dutch word(or Anglo-Saxon or Middle 𝙵𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚑 cricket has many claims of
patrimony) for “stick.” Whatever the etymology,the ball-and-stick game known
today as cricket was fairly ubiquitous in England as the British Empire was
expanding into the four corners of the planet, bringing the game and its unique sporting culture (breaks for tea and sandwiches,matches that last for five days)
to India.
The West Indies, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and more than
half a dozen other countries where the game is now played at professional levels.
All of cricket is governed globally by the International Cricket Council (ICC)
and the London-based Maryle bone Cricket Club (MCC).
The game is played in
two main versions: test cricket and limited overs.Test cricket strictly means an international match between two of the ten teams recognized as full members of
the ICC: England, Australia,New Zealand, South Africa, Zimbabwe,West
Indies, India, Pakistan, Bangla desh, and Sri Lanka.Test matches can last for days and often do. Limited overs is a shortened one-day version of the game.
BASIC CONCEPT:
Cricket is played by two teams of sportsboss team bats and scores as many runs
as possible before each batsman is “dismissed”𝚊nd replaced by the next batsman
in rotation.
Immediately behind each batsman is the wicket (two wooden pegs or
bails laid atop three wooden stumps) which the bowler (similar to a pitcher in
American baseball) attempts to hit.The batsman, on the other hand, protects the
wicket and attempts to hit the ball into the field. If the bowler hits the wicket,or
if a struck ball is caught by the fielding team before it touches the ground,the
batsman is dismissed.Cricket matches are divided into innings (always plural, unlike the Americani nning) with one team batting and one team fielding.Bowlers throw in sets of six,with each set known as an over. At the end of each over,a new bowler throws to the opposite batsman.While the same bowler cannot bowl in two successive overs, the same batsman can stay at one end of the pitch and bowl every second over (until they are replaced).
Only two batters are on the field at a time, one at each end of the pitch,playing
against all eleven members of the fielding team.
Teams switch sides after each innings.The goal is to score more runs than the opposing team and to dismiss the other team’s eleven players at bat.Hence the long and unpredictable nature
of test cricket matches.
@sportsboos
